Everything You Need to Know About Pregnancy Tests: Accuracy, Timing, and Options

A pregnancy testing is one of the most effective ways to confirm pregnancy by detecting the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine or blood. In order to produce reliable results, it is important to understand the accuracy, timing, and different options of tests. While many people rely on over-the-counter pregnancy tests, it is important to know when and how to take them and what options are available for accurate detection.

Types of pregnancy tests at primary care

Upon suspecting a pregnancy, a patient's first thought may be to visit a pharmacy and purchase an over-the-counter kit. This may be because of their affordability, accessibility, and ease of use. However, while they are highly accurate after a missed period, they are not foolproof. Testing too early or misreading faint lines can sometimes lead to inaccurate results.

While not an inappropriate choice, it should not be the only one. Patients who choose this route should confirm the results with a primary care provider. During an appointment, patients can receive a urine test, which is performed like over-the-counter options, and blood tests. Blood tests are particularly helpful when early detection is needed or when tracking the progression of pregnancy in its early stages.

How pregnancy tests work

All pregnancy tests work by detecting a hormone that only produces after the production of the placenta shortly after an egg is fertilized—hCG. According to the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, people with typical 28-day menstruation cycles can use a urine test to detect this hormone 12 to 15 days after ovulation.

Urine pregnancy tests, often used at home, are sensitive enough to detect even small amounts of hCG. They can offer quick results, often within just a few minutes. On the other hand, blood tests can detect pregnancy earlier and more precisely, as they measure the exact amount of hCG in the bloodstream.

Pregnancy test accuracy

Urine pregnancy tests are accurate when individuals use them correctly. According to Planned Parenthood, they provide accurate results 99 out of 100 times. However, improper use—such as testing too early, not following instructions carefully, or using a test that has expired—can affect results. For the most accurate reading, it is important to follow the instructions precisely and consider testing in the morning when hCG levels are most concentrated. For the most accurate results, it is best to undergo the test with the help of a primary care provider.

A blood test, alternatively, is considered more accurate, particularly in detecting lower levels of hCG. A qualitative blood test provides a yes or no answer about pregnancy. In contrast, a quantitative blood test measures the exact amount of hCG, which can offer more detailed insights into pregnancy progression.

When to take a pregnancy test

When taking a pregnancy test, timing is everything. Most people will not receive a positive result immediately following an unprotected sexual encounter, nor in the first few days that follow. According to Healthline, the best time to take a pregnancy test, especially a urine one, is the day after a missed period. Testing too early before a missed menstrual cycle can result in a false result because hCG levels are often far too low to be detected.

If early detection is necessary, patients can alert a primary care provider. They should prepare to note the date on which they had unprotected intercourse to enable the provider to perform a suitable test. Note that the provider will likely perform a blood test if it is before the previously mentioned time frame. They can detect hCG as early as six to eight days after ovulation, providing earlier confirmation than urine tests.

Handling false results

While pregnancy tests are generally reliable, there are instances where false negatives or positives can occur. A false negative result means the test indicates no pregnancy when one is present. This can happen if the test is performed too early or the hCG levels are too low to detect.

A false positive indicates pregnancy when one is not present. It is less common but can occur in certain situations. Some reasons for a false positive include recent miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or the use of fertility medications containing hCG. If there is any doubt about the test results, repeating the test a few days later or consulting with a primary care provider is recommended.

Handling positive results

If results return positive after consulting a primary care provider, reviewing all care options is the next step. An appropriate gynecologist (OBGYN) will be recommended if the provider does not offer gynecology services. Further, if the patient is to remain pregnant, the provider may start the patient on a prenatal care plan. All questions or concerns will be answered during a follow-up appointment, including a regular schedule to aid in a healthy pregnancy.

Schedule a pregnancy test

Understanding how a pregnancy test works, when to take it, and which type of test to use is essential for obtaining accurate results. If you are in need of a pregnancy test, contact Texas Urgent Care & Imaging Center. We can help you throughout the process, whether results return positive or negative.

Request an appointment here: https://tx-urgentcare.com or call Texas Urgent Care & Imaging Center at (832) 941-1894 for an appointment in our New Caney office.

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